Food Adulteration Essay Example for Free

Food Adulteration EssayKraft Foods offer a wide-cut variety of harvest-homes. They offer delicious foods and beverages for every lifestyle on the go. While exploring the website of Kraft seems to define their product liquefy as foods that argon geared more towards the people on the go. I would define their product mix as health/wellness foods, quick fix meals, snacks and beverages as well as offering a Premium line of foods. In their health/wellness foods they offer products in a light form such as things like Philadelphia light cream cheese and reduce fat cookies. For meals on the go or quick fix meals Kraft have designed meals like the Kraft Mac Cheese Cups, frozen meals and sandwich kits. They offer a wide variety of snack foods including everyones favorite cookie Oreos and Splendips. The Premium line that Kraft offers includes foods like DiGornio Pizza and Oscar Myer bacon. Kraft offers 8 product lines with over 50 different brands. Krafts product mix is the offering of t heir premium foods, such as DiGornao Ultimate Pizza which is made as a higher quality pizza then the standard. Tombstone Mexican Style Pizza is offered as a convenience food as a favorite food of teenage boys.It was designed for the ease of cooking a easy, quick, healthy meal. Tang is real fruit goodness of oranges. Everyone will surely retire its sweet, refreshing flavor plus the added nutrition it gives. It is also instant drink mix offering the convenience food again. South Beach Diet foods are part of their healthy yet, convenience foods. The line offers alternatives to other popular diet fads. South Beach Diet foods play on wholegrain and the correct or remedy fats like canola oil and olive oil. In this line they also offer bars for a fast way to fill a craving during the day.

Making Choices Guide Essay Example for Free

Making Choices Guide EssayAs we age our bodies and lives take on many different changes. both(prenominal) of these changes atomic number 18 for the better and then there are changes that are not so much in our favor. Our health status is the one thing that send packing vary from time-to-time as we age, and for this we have to prepare ourselves for the many possibilities of needing enormous term precaution (LTC). Once the need for LTC is evident, there are many decisions to be made, and a recollective list of things to take into consideration. Finances, costs, demographics, and independence, are just a few variables to consider when choosing where you or a loved one will be using up the next chapter in life. Finances are the most Copernican variable to take into consideration, mainly because plain and simple the allot is going to cost. Whether a LTC rapidity or a persons home(a) is going to be the place where the care is delivered, there will be some expenses accrued. Personal in pass, annuities, long term care insurance, savings, government programs (Medicare Medicaid), Veterans Benefits, and reverse mortgages are just a few payment options accessible for LTC.There are much payment options becoming available through new financial products as our populace ages. When it comes to the costs of delivering the care, and where it is to be delivered, a lot of things come into play. Residing in a LTC facility brings close to a multitude of expenditures compared to staying at home or aging in place. In 2010, semi-private rooms averaged about $200 a solar day in a nursing home, and about $230 for a private room, and a one bedroom apartment in an assisted living facility averaged about $3,300 a month. Those costs are not all inclusive. There is usually a cost for added services such as private laundry, additional activities or programs.According to LongTermCare.gov (n.d.), it is wise to think now about how yourcurrent residence and community will supp ort your needs as you age and require long term care services. Staying at home or aging in place has its expenses too. A home owners expenses are a fine less costly if they had their home built to their satisfaction to begin with. This eliminates having major work done on the home to accommodate the need for LTC. The adding of handrails and ramps, throughout the home is much cheaper than living in a LTC facility for a month. Another advantage of aging in place is the caregiver could be free of perpetration if it is a friend or relative. On the other hand, the cost of home health aides and homemakers range from $19 to $22 per hour. There are alike programs to assist those who choose to age in place. One program is The Older Ameri stinkpots Act.According to LongTermCare.gov (n.d.),The Older Americans Act is a Federal program designed to organize, coordinate, and bequeath home- and community-based services to of age(p) adults and their families. These services and programs assist the elderly and older adults in remaining independently in their communities. Local transportation services, in-home personal care, meals delivered for the homebound (and available in the community), and homemaker services are just a few of the programs and services available through the Older American Act. These services are excessively extended to Native Americans. Having the feeling of belonging where you are is a comfortable feeling. When making the decision on where you plan to live your next chapter of life, it is important to carry in mind to find somewhere comfortable and familiar to you. Nothing is more familiar to a person than where they are home. . Here is where the demographics can come into play.Most individuals are familiar with their communities and the people within them, so it is a little easier to locate services and programs in the area. Community-based programs are mostly targeted to help the elderly, disabled, and older adults to reestablish and preserve the ir optimal level of self-care, while preventing and prolonging unsuitable and unwanted institutionalization. According to Gibson, (1995 2014), these programs stress partnership with the participant, family, caregiver, primary care physician, and the community in working toward maintaining personal independence. An outstanding and reliable social support system can be a valuable asset, regardless of where your next chapter in life whitethorn take place.Having family, friends, and the support of others (staff if in afacility) can have a positive impact and influence on the individual receiving the LTC. Regular visits and communication can also influence positive motivation. According to AHRQ (2006), social support and interaction within the facility also relate to quality of life satisfaction and trim isolation and depressive symptoms, which is important for independent individuals.Other variables that can affect a couples or individuals choice on a LTC facility includes whether or not the facility is Alzheimers friendly. If the individual who is needing the care has Alzheimers, you would want to make certain(predicate) the staff are properly trained to care for them. Other things to consider is whether or not there is a wing or ward for individuals with Alzheimers., or if the facility is safeguarded for these individuals to roam around indoors and out. .It is important to know the staff to resident ratio. There need to be enough staff to service the residents at all times. Visiting is a variable to be considered also. Not only having family and friends visit, but if the individuals mobility is at a doable level, are they able to do an outing with a family member or friend? When the time comes to make the choice of where your next chapter in life is going to be spent, be for certain to thoroughly research your options. Make sure that the services and programs you choose are not only available now, but also available for the future. There is an endless list of variables to consider. You would want to make sure the facility and staff are licensed and certified to provide the care needed. It is also important to know if the facility has full access to the medical care needed. A very important variable is behavior management. Knowing how the facility deals with various types of behaviors is significant to another residents safety.Question the facility as to whether they use chemical or physical restraints, or if the individual is shut off from the main area. These are just some of the variables and questions to consider. Keep asking questions until you are fully satisfied and happy with the answers. When older adults and the elderly are devoted and participating personally in their care, they tend to be more satisfied with where they are and the decisions they have made to get to that point. ReferencesAHRQ, (December, 2006), Factors Important to Consumers When Choosing Residential Care, U.S. Department of Health Human Services (DHH), Ret rieved from http//www.ahrq.gov/professionals/systems/long-term- care/resources/facilities/ltcscan/ltc5.htmlGibson, H., (1995 2014), Choosing Well Long-Term Care Facilities, Todays Caregiver, Retrieved from http//caregiver.com/channels/ltc/ articles/choosing_well_ltc_facilities.htmLiveStrong Foundation, (n.d.), Assisted Living and Nursing Home Facilities, Retrieved from http//www.livestrong.org/we-can-help/managing-your-life-during-treatment/assisted-living-and-nursing-home-facilities/ LongTermCare.gov, (n.d.), Costs how to pay, Retrieved fromhttp//longtermcare.gov/costs-how-to-pay/

Classical And Modern Liberalism Politics Essay

Classical And Modern Liberalism Politics EssayLiberalism is a governmental ideology portrayed as the ideology of the industrialized West. Although liberals of all time never waver in their faith in encourageing the emancipation of individuals, the pith of the word keeps changing over time.The main purpose of this essay is to examine the differences of classical liberalism and currente liberalism. The first part will let the definition of liberalism in general, focusing on the sh ared elements in all forms of liberalism. The second part will introduce the history of liberalism, from classical and modern liberalism till contemporary neoliberalism, and distort to illustrate the connection mingled with their main doctrines and historical contexts. In the last part, I would closely examine the differences between classical and modern liberalism, and discuss the margin between impropriety and government interjectnce in contemporary society.Definition of LiberalismLiberalism, as implied in its name, is a political ideology whose main concern is to protect and enhance the liberty of individuals. As a political doctrine, liberalism did not emerge until the early nineteenth century. However, liberal thoughts and values had been developed through terrific kindly changes from the sixteenth century, and posterior even be traced back to as early as ancient Greece and Rome, although there are some distinctions in the main elements. (Heywood 46) at that place are several common elements shared by all variants of liberalism. According to John Gray, they can be summed up in 4 points(x). Firstly, individualism. It reflects the belief that humansity existences are foremost individuals, rather than subjected to any collectivity. Therefore, liberals aim at constructing a society in which individuals are provided the riddom to pursue his or her own mature or happiness. Secondly, egalitarian or equality. Liberals call back that all individuals are born equal, in terms of two equal rights, namely legal equality and political equality (Heywood 46). However, as people have different talents or abilities, liberals are devoted to provide equal opportunities for all(prenominal)one to realize their uneven potential. Thirdly, universalism. They affirm that the human bidding a unified morality. It should be taken in account ahead of the difference of their cultural. Fourthly, meliorism. By meliorism, liberalism firstly implies a belief in the intellect of human organisms. Through reasoning, individuals can top wise judgments and resolve disputes by the means of debate and discussion. In this way, the society, which is the collection of individuals and its construction are generally progressing. On this premise, liberals believe that people should be offered enough toleration in parade to pursue their own interests. It is under this circumstance that the balance and progress of a society can be achieved.However, liberalism has several different sources. It owes something to Stoicism and to Christianity, it has been exalt by scepticism and by a fideistic certainty of divine revelation and it has exalted the power of reason (Gray x). Apart from its multiple sources, liberalism is withal sensitive to the variation of time and conditions. French liberalism and English liberalism have many significant differences. Classical liberalism and modern liberalism are notably different in many ways. For these reasons, liberalism is sometimes seen as a meta-ideology, which consists of rival beliefs and values.History of liberalismClassical liberalismThe political foundations of classical liberalism root in a series of social changes from the sixteenth century. The late Medieval saw the dissolve of feudalism and the rise of absolutism. Meanwhile, the power of papacy was weakened and religious reformation was seen in European countries. Rulers had to enforce the conformity either to Roman Catholicism or Protestantism. This process tri ggered conflicts within and among the states. One example was the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648, which brought Europe an enormous damage. In the next century, as industrialisation gained pace, a new social class, namely the middle class emerges. They yearned for more political participation and sparing emancipation. These factors triggered the revolutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the most notable of which were the Glorious Revolution in England in 1688, the American Revolution from 1775-83, and the 1789s French Revolution. In this circumstance, liberalism gradually emerged as a political doctrine. (Encyclopdia Britannica)In the light of the philosophy of English liberals John Locke , French political philosopher Montesquieu , and even earlier the individualism of Thomas Hobbes , early liberals aimed at constricting the power of the government over individuals. In the word of UK-born political activist and pamphleteer Thomas Paine, the government is a necess ary evil. (Heywood, 200747) Opposing feudal privilege and absolutism, liberals strain the importance of constitution and a representative government. The structure of a minimum government was supplemented by Montesquieu. He designed a mechanism of check-and-balance by advocating the withdrawal of three power of the government legislative, executive and judiciary.(Gingell, Little and Winch 105) Classical liberals, such(prenominal) as Locke also asserted that private poverty is the foundation of liberty of individuals (qtd. in Gingell, Little and Winch 71-79).Another crucial element of classical liberalism is economic liberalism. This principle was mostly provided by Adam Smith in The riches of Nations. In a word, classical liberals advocate Laissez-faire, believing in the self-regulating of the market and the minimum of government intervention, which guarantees liberty of individuals and the prosperity of the market (Heywood 47).The philosophical confession of classical liberalis m is supplemented by utilitarianism. It was put forward by Jeremy Bentham, James Mill and J.S. Mill. They believe that the goal of a society is to obtain the superlative happiness of the greatest number. In achieving this goal, a representative government which up waits liberty is necessary. (Gingell, Little and Winch 225-228)Classical liberalism had a profound impact on the politic throughout the centuries. It inspired the creation of unified, in aiment, constitutional states which based on representative principles and the rule of law. In After the Glorious Revolution, under influence of the Whigs, who was the precursor of todays Liberal Party, precepts of classical liberalism had colossal governed England. In France, liberal goals were achieved in 1871 by the Third Republic. Another significant success was the found of the United States in 1776.In the economic realm, numerous feudal restrictions on manufacturing and internal commerce were abolished. Meanwhile, tariffs and restr ictions on imports intended to protect domestic manufactures were put into end. (Encyclopdia Britannica)Modern LiberalismBy the end of nineteenth century, fusss had gradually revealed in the free market economy in England and North America. Profits of the booming industry were concentrated in the hand of big companies, while the mass benefited very little. Consequently, the bedspread between the rich and the poor was significantly enlarged. Moreover, as the poor mass was not able to consume, there were a large surplus of supply, which led to depressions. Meanwhile, as the rich gained more and more power, they were increasingly able to influence politic and limit competition. (Encyclopdia Britannica)In this circumstance, liberals of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth (e.g. T.H. chiliad and L.T Hobhouse) started to seek for reforms. Their persuasions were strongly influence by J.S Mill, who was wide recognized as the watershed philosopher in liberalism. (Grey 30-31 He ywood 48)Generally, modern liberals hold that freedom does not equal to being left alone. Being left alone, human beings are weaker instead of stronger. They would be stuck in poverty, hunger, illness and helpless and that enjoy less liberty to realize themselves. Hence, friendly welfare in particular is to be provided by the government.Meanwhile, the laissez-faire capitalism was rejected by new liberals. Ideas of classical liberals were proved defective in the industrialization and were further challenged by the two world wars and the Great Depression in the 1930s. In The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money , UK economist J.M. Keynes argued that it was laissez-faire policies that resulted in enormous unemployment and economic instability, thus the government should manage the aggregate demand in the economy through tax and spending policies. (Heywood 190)From 1950 onwards, government intervention had expanded into mingled areas of life. (Grey 28) Social welfare sta rting from free public education and workers accident insurance were established.Modern liberalism reached its peak in the post war period, when everything, from industries to the dignity of individuals, was to be reconstructed. Welfare programs were further expended throughout western world, including social insurance, pensions, family allowances, medical care, and government-funded higher education. (Encyclopdia Britannica)In economic sector, visible hand of the government had achieved remarkable results. For example, President Franklin Roosevelts impudently Deal (1933-1939) successfully lifted American out of the Great Depression.NeoliberalismNeoliberalism is a retrieve of the political economy in classical liberalism. The ideas were developed by xx centurys economists, e.g. Friedrich Hayek and philosophers such as Robert Nozick (Heywood 52). They address the problem of the slowing down economic growth which starting from the mid-1970s in the western world. (Encyclopdia Britann ica)Neoliberals hold that intervention, whether with a good end or not, would have shun effects. The best solution should still be found in self-help, individual responsibility and entrepreneurialism (Heywood 52). One expression of the idea was Margaret Thatchers policies. She also asserted that there is no such thing as society, only individuals and their families (Heywood 52).Comparison of classical and modern liberalismNegative liberty vs positive libertyThe distinctions between classical and modern liberalism root in their different understanding of liberty.English philosopher Isaiah Berlin made a profound distinction between two concepts of liberty, which he called interdict liberty and positive liberty. By being free in a negative sense, Berlin meant not being interfered with by others (123). While in the second case, freedom means the capability of the individual to be his own master (131). Classical liberals focus on the maximising of negative liberty, while by contrast, modern liberals hold that the government should assistant individuals to realize their positive freedom.Minimum state vs social welfareBy advocating a minimal state, classical liberals focus on the maximizing of negative liberty. In a minimal state, only three core functions are left in hand of the government. Firstly, maintaining domestic order with organizations such as police force. Secondly, it should enforce contracts or agreements between citizens, which means the function of judiciary. Thirdly, the state should protect the people from external threat, thus a military is needed. (Heywood 99)By contrast, modern liberals hold that the government should assistant individuals to realize their positive freedom. Therefore, social welfare programs are strongly upheld. However, there was still a boundary. According to T.H Green, when and only when individuals are in threat of being enslaved by liberty should the government intervene (Tyler).In another word, social welfare should help those who cannot help themselves.Laissez-faire vs government interventionAdam Smith asserted that the invisible hand, namely the self-interest of the individual in a free market would lead to the well-being of the economy. In order to benefit himself, one has to produce according to the demand of the market, which Smith phrased as invisible hand (Smith vol. 2a) On the contrary, government intervention is dangerousas it was exercised in the hands of a man who had folly and presumption enough to fancy himself. (Smith vol. 2a)By contrast, modern liberal economists, such as Keynes, pointed out that economy is not perfectly self-managing. Only under the rule of supply and demand, monopolization is unavoidable. Profits fall into the hands of a few people while the mass are incapable of consuming, which doom the end of capital circulation economic prosperity. Only with government intervention can the economy maintain a prolonged prosperity. (John Maynard Keynes).However, it is notable tha t the idea of free market was never fully abandoned by modern liberals even Keynes. Unlike socialists, they had no intention to nationalize the economy or interfere with the mechanism of supply and demand. According to Keynes, the visible hand functions not by cutting wages to insure full employment, but by expansionary fiscal policy, such as spending money on public projects to expand demand.(Sharpe)In order to evaluate both concepts of liberalism, we should take in to consideration their historical contexts. Because every political philosophy is the product of a certain time and circumstance and therefore has its limitation.As showed above, classical liberalism was born in a time of the renewal from feudalism to absolutism. It was a time when the government still ruled over people. Hence, the deep suspicion of the government is reasonable. In a time when the negative liberty of individuals were everywhere under threat, it is important to introduce the concepts of social contract and restrict the power of government at any cost.Modern liberalism however, addressed mainly the problem emerging in industrialization. It had been observed that even if free from all external restrictions, sometimes people are still vulnerable and incapable to realize themselves. In addition, with the development of representative democracy, government itself had gained more trust that it can represent the will of the individuals.Nowadays the idea of social welfare and economic intervention has been wide accepted in most western countries. However, there are still a lot of questions. One of them is that if government is justified to intervene, what should be the limitation?With reckon to social welfare, modern liberals have provided the answer themselves.In his Theory of Justice, John Rawls suggested two principles to justify redistribution. The first one, which he called equal principle, suggests that individuals should have equal rights to canonic liberty. The second principle, which is difference principle, inequality is justified, only if it promotes the well-being of the worse-offs compared to in the condition of equal liberty. (Rawls, John)This boundary is of great importance. Because, firstly, equality is an indispensable principle of liberalism. Policies in opt of the weak should be designed to compensate the existing inequality, not to create new inequality. Excessive protection would jeopardize social equality and lead to negative consequences. Take the debate over Affirmative Action in the United States as an example. This action was aimed to redress the disadvantages caused by historical discrimination. However, the clauses had aroused intensive controversy, being accused of generating inverse discrimination. For example, in the 1978 Regents v. Bakke case, student Bakke sued the Medical School of University of California at Davis, for it reserved sixteen present of studying slots to minorities, which was ruled by the compulsory Court as uncons titutional. (Fullinwider) In this case, intervention did not only help the worse-offs, but also harm the better-offs.Secondly, excessive welfare would make the people depend too much on the state and lose the motion of self-realization. As a result, the drive for social progress will be impeded. For instance, nanny state, which provide social care from curdle to grave are always criticized for creating anunderclassofwelfaredependents. (Nanny state)However, as for economy, the line is much vaguer. Neoliberals of our time remind us the warning of Adam Smith that economic planning was doomed to fail. The reason is however, according to Von Hayek, that even if with good intention, the government would never have enough knowledge to make the right decision. Hence, they rejected the direct government intervention to promote demand, but suggested that government should maintain a stable value of money. (Ingham)From the 1970s, Keynesianism seemed to reach its bottleneck. Regulations concer ning the insurance, banking, and financial industries were eliminated in the next decades. (Encyclopdia Britannica). Relaxed regulations have brought good effects, but would that be the permanent prescription?The answer is in the negative. The economic crisis of 2007-08 originating in the financial system in the U.S. exemplified the shortcoming of insufficient regulation. In his last term, President Barack Obama undertook a series of policies that re-regulate or nationalize the bank (Encyclopdia Britannica). In Neoliberalism A Critical Reader edited by Alfredo Saad-Filho, the defects of contemporary Laissez-faire policy were examined. These include unemployment, enlarged domestical and international inequality, and the destruction of environment. (Saad-Filho and Johnston 5)The development of society sometimes shows a pattern of a waving pendulum. capitalism is and will always trying to find a balance between efficiency and equality.ConclusionFrom its sprout in the seventeenth centu ry, to its transformation starting in the late nineteenth century, and until the revival of its original ideas in the recent decades, liberalism constantly adjust itself according to time and circumstances. Due to different historical contexts, Classical and modern liberalism explained liberty from different perspectives. Compared with classical liberals, modern liberals have more confidence in the government and that uphold more intervention in social and economic affairs. Nevertheless, the belief in the supreme value of individuals and the reason of human beings, the respect for equality and universality of morality remain unchanged. In contemporary society, although it have been widely accepted that government should protect the positive liberty of individuals, what is the limitation of government intervention will remain a question.

Gaussian Elimination Method And Gauss Jordan Method Computer Science Essay

Gaussian Elimination schema And Gauss Jordan remains Computer learning EssayGaussian Elimination is considered as the workhorse of computational science for the solution of a outline of the elongate equations. In linear algebra,Gaussian eliminationis an algorithm for the lick systems of the linear equations, and finding the rank of a hyaloplasm, and calculating the inverse of an invertible squ ar matrix. Gaussian elimination is named after the German mathematician and the scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss. The method acting was invented in Europe independently byCarl Friedrich Gausswhen developing themethod of least squaresin his 1809 publicationTheory of Motion of Heavenly Bodies.Gauss elimination is an exact method which figures a given system of equation in n un cognizes by transforming the coefficient matrix, into an amphetamine triangular matrix and the n solve for the unknowns by back substitution.Solving orderThe process of Gaussian elimination has two parts. The fo r the first time part (Forward Elimination) reduces a given system to eithertriangularorechelon form, or results in adegenerateequation with no solution, indicating the system has no solution. This is done through the use of elementary. The second step usesback substitutionto find the solution of the system above. the first part reduces a matrix to speech echelon form useelementary class operationswhile the second reduces it toreduced row echelon form, orrow canonical form.Initially, for the given system, write row, the sum of the coefficients in for each one row, in the (n+2) nd column. Perform the same operation on the elements of this column also. immediately in the absence of computational errors, at any stage, the row sum element in (n+2)nd row, will be equal to the sum of the of the elements of the corresponding alter row.Algorithm for Gaussian Elimination-Transform the columns of the augment matrix, one at a time, into triangular echelon form. The column presently being t ransformed is called thepivot column. exit from left to right, letting the pivot column be the first column, then the second column, etc. and finally the last column before the vertical line. For each pivot column, do the following two steps before moving on to the next pivot columnLocate the sloped element in the pivot column. This element is called thepivot. The row containing the pivot is called thepivot row. Divide every element in the pivot row by the pivot (ie. use E.R.O. 1) to endure a new pivot row with a 1 in the pivot position.Get a 0 in each position infra the pivot position by subtracting a suitable multiple of the pivot row from each of the rows below it (ie. by using E.R.O. 2).Upon completion of this procedure the augmented matrix will be in triangular echelon form and may be solved by back-substitution.Steps Taken in Gauss Elimination MethodWrite the augmented matrix for the system of the linear equations.Use elementary row operations on the augmented matrix Ab to the transform ofAinto the upper triangular form. If the zero is locate on the chance event, switch the rows until a nonzero is in that place. If we are unable to do so, stop the system has either infinite or has no solutions.Use the back substitution going to find the solution of the problem.Systems Of Linear Equations Gaussian Elimination-It is quite hard to solve non-linear systems of equations, while linear systems are quite easy to study. There are numerical techniques which help to approximate nonlinear systems with linear ones in the hope that the solutions of the linear systems are slopped enough to the solutions of the nonlinear systems.The equationa x+b y+c z+d w=hWherea,b,c,d, andhare known numbers, whilex,y,z, andware unknown numbers, is called alinear equation. Ifh=0, the linear equation is said to be homogeneous. Alinear systemis a set of linear equations and ahomogeneous linear systemis a set of homogeneous linear equations.ExampleUse Gaussian elimination to solve t he system of equationsSolutionPerform this sequence of E.R.O.s on the augmented matrix. Set the pivot column to column 1. Get a 1 in the bezant position (underlined)Next, run low 0s below the pivot (underlined)Now, let pivot column = second column. First, get a 1 in the diagonal positionNext, get a 0 in the position below the pivotNow, let pivot column = third column. Get a 1 in the diagonal positionThis matrix, which is now in triangular echelon form, representsIt is solved by back-substitution. Substitutingz= 3 from the third equation into the second equation givesy= 5, and changez= 3 andy= 5 into the first equation gives x =7. Thus the complete solution isx= 7,y= 5,z= 3.Gauss Jordan MethodGauss-Jordan Elimination is a variant of Gaussian Elimination. Again, we are transforming the coefficient matrix into another matrix that is much easier to solve, and the system represented by the new augmented matrix has the same solution set as the original system of linear equations. In Ga uss-Jordan Elimination, the goal is to transform the coefficient matrix into a diagonal matrix, and the zeros are introduced into the matrix one column at a time. We work to eliminate the elements both above and below the diagonal element of a given column in one pass through the matrix.Solving MethodGauss-Jordan Elimination StepsWrite the augmented matrix for the system of linear equations.Use elementary row operations on the augmented matrix Ab to transformAinto diagonal form. If a zero is located on the diagonal, switch the rows until a nonzero is in that place. If you are unable to do so, stop the system has either infinite or no solutions.By dividing the diagonal element and the right-hand-side element in each row by the diagonal element in that row, make each diagonal element equal to one.When performing calculations by hand, many individuals choose Gauss-Jordan Elimination oer Gaussian Elimination because it avoids the need for back substitution. However, we will show later t hat Gauss-Jordan elimination involves slightly more work than does Gaussian elimination, and thus it is not the method of choice for solving systems of linear equations on a computer.This method can be utilize to solve systems of linear equations involving two ormore variables. However, the system must be changed to an augmented matrix.-This method can also be used to find the inverse of a 22 matrix or bigger matrices, 33,44 etc.Note The matrix must be a square matrix in order to find its inverse.An Augmented Matrix is used to solve a system of linear equations.a1 x + b1 y + c1z = d1a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = d2a3x + b3 y + c3z = d3System of Equations Augmented Matrix a1 b1 c1 d1a2 b2 c2 d2a3 b3 c3 d3When given a system of equations, to write in augmented matrix form, the coefficients of each variable must be taken and put in a matrix.For example, for the following system3x + 2y z = 3x y + 2z = 42x + 3y z = 33 2 -1 3Augmented matrix 1 -1 2 42 3 -1 3There are three different operatio ns known as Elementary Row Operations used when solving or reducing a matrix, using Gauss-Jordan elimination method.1. Interchanging two rows.2. Add one row to another row, or multiply one row first and then adding itto another.3. Multiplying a row by any constant greater than zero.Identity Matrix-is the final result obtained when a matrix is reduced. This matrixconsists of ones in the diagonal starting with the first number.-The numbers in the last column are the answers to the systemof equations.1 0 0 30 1 0 2 Identity Matrix for a 330 0 1 51 0 0 0 20 1 0 0 6Identity Matrix for a 440 0 1 0 10 0 0 1 4The pattern continues for bigger matrices.Solving a system using Gauss-JordanThe best way to go is to get the ones first in their respective column, and thenusing that one to get the zeros in that column.It is very important to understand that there is no exact procedure to follow whenusing the Gauss-Jordan method to solve for a system.3x + 2y z = 3x y + 2z = 4 Write as an augmented matrix.2x + 3y z = 3

High Level Design (HLD)

elevated Level Design (HLD) higher(prenominal) aim designHigh level design (HLD) gives the complete system design of functional architecture and informationbase design. For the developers it is very much important to understand how the flow of the system is. In this physique the system design team testers team and the customers plays an important role. For this entry criteria are required the document that is SRS and the then exit criteria leave behind be high level design, projects standards, functional design documents, and the infobase design documents.Problem specificationData has to be processed in a effective and efficient way.Time consumption should be less.Easy to implement.Data Definition/ DictionaryData dictionary is a repository that contains all the description of all data produced by the application. It is an organization itemisation of all data elements that are pertinent to the system.TablesTables For Colud Sever 1 line of merchandise NAMEDATA TYPE surface hap pen uponFNameVarchar30primarySkInt10 possessorVarchar30 maculateNameVarchar15Table 5.1 Owner File Table Design field of honor NAMEDATA TYPESIZE underlyingVmInt10primaryOwnerVarchar20MemoryInt10ThrusholdInt10StatusVarchar30aggressorIPInt10AttemptsInt10Table 5.2 Virtual Memory1 Table Design plain NAMEDATA TYPESIZE mainstayFileNameVarchar30primaryOwnerVarchar20SkInt10Table 5.3 CloudFile1 Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYOwnerVarchar30primaryFileNameVarchar20SkInt10Table 5.4 Receive File1 Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEY contrasted characterrVarchar30primaryOwnerVarchar20Table 5.5 Remote File Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYAttackerVarchar30primaryAttackerNameVarchar20IP-AddressInt10Table 5.6 Attacker1 Table Table DesignTables For Cloud Sever 2FIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYVmInt10primaryOwnerVarchar20MemoryInt10ThrusholdInt10StatusVarchar30AttackerIPInt10AttemptsInt10Table 5.7 Virtual Memory2 Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYFileNameVarchar30pri maryOwnerVarchar20SkInt10Table 5.8 Cloud File2 Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYOwnerVarchar30primaryFileNameVarchar20SkInt10Table 5.9 Receive File2 Table Table DesignRemote File2 TableFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYRemoteUserVarchar30primaryOwnerVarchar20Table 5.10 Remote File2 Table Table DesignFIELD NAMEDATA TYPESIZEKEYAttackerVarchar30primaryAttackerNameVarchar20IP-AddressInt10Table 5.11 Attacker2 Table Table DesignAssumptions and dependenciesThe holdr should know the enfranchisement expatiate to prevent the unauthorized access of the system.The employr must be aware of the government rules and regulations that are to be implemented on the terms.The user must be aware of the flow at which the process of system takes enjoin.Low level designLow level design (LLD) is like detailing the High level design. It defines the real logic for each and the each every comp wholenessnt of the system. Class diagrams with the manners and recounting between the classes comes under t he low level design.The main form of the object oriented approach is as follows-Object modeling high-energy modelingObject modelingObject modeling technique describes a method for the analysis, design, and implementation of a system using an object-oriented technique.Object modeling technique consists of four phases, which posterior be manageed iteratively are Analysis, system design, object design, implementationDynamic modelingThe dynamic model describes the functionalities involved in the project and the person performing those functionalities. Following are the different kind of dynamic diagrams namely Use case, order, Activity diagrams.Use case diagramAuse case diagramis the simple and it is a represented as the users interaction with the system and describes the specifications of ause case. A use case diagram can represent the different kinds of users of a system and the different ways that they will interact with the system. Such diagrams is typically used in conjunction with the textualuse caseas well as it will often be accompanied by other kinds of diagrams. It is the high level piece of functionality that the system provides. An actor is single who interacts with the system.This Use Case diagrams are included into two modeling languages defined by the Object Management Group (OMG). Both the UML and SysML standards define a lifelike tone for modeling use cases with diagrams. One complain is that they will not define the format for depicting these use cases. Generally both the in writing(p) notation and the descriptions are very important as they document the use case and it is showing the reason for which an actor uses a system.The use case diagram shows the place of use case with the other use cases. As organizing the mechanism a set of consistent and coherent use cases promotes important figure of system demeanour and have a common understanding between the customer or owner or user and the development team.Sequence diagramsAsequence diagr amis a kind ofinteraction diagramthat shows how processes is operated with one another and in what order the processes is operated. It is the construction of aMessage Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows how the object interaction is arranged in time sequence. It describes the objects and classes which is involved in the scenario as well as in the sequence of messages that has been exchanged between the objects and it is needed to carry out the functions of the scenario. Sequence diagrams are typically mixed with use case in the Logical View of the system in the development. Sequence diagrams are calledevent diagrams orevent scenarios andtiming diagrams.A sequence diagram shows the tally vertical lines (lifelines), the different processes or objects that live parallel and the horizontal arrow. The messages exchanged between them in an order in which they have occurred. This allows the specification of simple runtime in a graphical manner.Sequence diagramsCreate the account rep ort Acceptance res Upload the file File received confirmation Create the End User account Account confirmation Request the file File request confirmation File sending response VMs details Threshold Details Account detailsFigure 5.2 Sequence diagramsActivity diagramActivity diagrams is a graphical representations of flow of work of steps that have taken in the activities and actions with support for choice and interact and concurrency. In the UML activity diagrams are intends to for both the computational and alike for the organizational processes (i.e. workflows)..Activity diagrams 1Figure 5.3 Activity diagrams 1Activity diagrams 2Figure 5.4 Activity diagrams 2Functional modelingAfunction modelorfunctional modelinsystems engineeringandsoftware engineering is a structured representation of thefunctions(activities,actions,processes,operations) within the modeledsystemor subject area.A function model, similar with theactivity modelorprocess model, is a graphical representation of anenterprises function within a defined scope. The main purposes of the function model is to describe the functions and processes, and help with discovery of information needs and also help to identify opportunities, and establish a basis for determine the product and the actual service costs.Data flow diagramAdata flow diagram(DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through aninformation system modeling its process. The step is used to farm an overall view of the system which can be detailed later. DFDs are also used for visualizationofdata processing(structured design).A DFD shows what type of information will be input to and what type of information will the output from the system, and from where the comes and from where it goes to, and where the data will be exactly stored in the system. It does not show information about the time of processes or gives the information about the processes will operate in parallel way or in a sequence way (which is shown on aflowc hart).DFDs are the model of the proposed system. They should clearly show the requirements on which the new system should be built. Later during the design activity is taken as the basis for drawing the systems structure charts. The Basic Notation used to create a DFDs are as follows1. Dataflow Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination.2. Process People, procedures, or devices that use or produce (Transform) Data. The physical component is not identified.3. Source External sources or destination of data, which may be People, programs, organizations or other entities4. Data Store hither data are stored or referenced by a process in the System.ER DiagramAn ER model is an abstract way of describing adatabase. In the case of arelational database, which stores data in tables, some of the data in these tables point to data in other tables. It is essential to have one of these if you want to create a good database design. The patterns help focus on how the database actual works with all of the interactions and data flows.Building Blocks of Entity Diagram areEntities An entity is a thing that exists and can be uniquely identied.Relations A (binary) relationship type is an association between two entity types.Attributes Attribute names (or simply attributes) are properties of entity types.The Main Advantages of Entity relation diagrams areThey are relatively simpleThey are user friendlyThey can provide a unique view of data, which is independent of any data modelsModule DescriptionNICE Systems consists of following sub modules such asData OwnerCloud Service Provider (CSP)Virtual Machine for Cloud data storageAttack AnalyzerRemote UserData OwnerUsers who have the data and that have to be stored in the hide and desire on the cloud for data computation, it consist of both the individual consumers and the organizations.Cloud Service Provider (CSP)A Cloud Service Provider (CSP) who has significant resources and who are expert in building and managi ng distributed cloud storage servers on different virtual machines, owns and operates live Cloud Computing systems.Virtual Machine for Cloud data storageCloud data storage, a user will stores his data through a Cloud Service Provider (CSP) into a group of cloud servers, which are running in a simultaneous, the user interacts with the cloud servers via CSP to access or retrieve his data. In some cases, the user may need to perform block level operations on his data. Users should be equipped with security means so that they can make continuous correctness assurance of their stored data even without the existence of local copies. The cloud consists of different Virtual machines on which the owner data will be allocated and shared and the cloud will listen the different types of attackers calledStable. There does not exist any known vulnerability on the VM.Vulnerable. Presence of one or more vulnerabilities on a VM, which remains unexploited.

continent :: essays research papers

The muses sing of the superior battle ever to occur in Olympian history. It started when Zeus, the king of the beau ideals, sitting atop Mt. Olympus felt a strange presence. He stood up and looked across the great realm that was Earth. After concentrating for what seemed like millennia he spotted a rainbow. But, this was not Iris. No, it was something else. An even greater rainbow that housed a great home, it housed other gods Zeus concentrated even harder, and he finally saw that personwas looking back at him It was Odin Father of the Norse gods and greatest of all Asgardians They finally looked at each other and smiled like two foxes. They now knew what had to be done next. A battle But not just any battle, the greatest of all battles to ever occur in Earths history. The resultant role would proclaim which pantheon was the greatest, of all Midgard. The rules were simple Each king would choose three other gods or goddesses to fight. When one fell, the fight was over. Zeus and O din immediately began searching for which god would best represent the federal agency of each realm.Zeus thought long and hard over whom to choose. He did not know exactly whom Odin would choose so he had to choose wisely. Immediately he thought of the wisest of gods, Athena. He knew that her power and tactics would be most valuable for the coming battle. Zeus also chose his son, Apollo. His power of the sun and healing abilities would be needed in the heat of combat. Finally Zeus had to one more slot to fill. But who to pick? Should it be the fury and bloodlust of Ares? Or, the skill and vigor of Artemis. He knew that unyielding viciousness would be needed for combat, but calm and critical judgments would also be a key to victory. In the end Zeus chose Ares over Artemis, hoping that his savagery would be enough to put down the Asgardians. Zeus had chosen his warriors, Athena, Apollo, Ares, and himself. The best of Olympus chosen, all that was left was for Zeuss soldiers to train a nd prepare for the coming fight. Now it was Odins turn.Odin sat in his great hall, pondering which of Asgards great warriors would be chosen to represent the greatest of the Nine Worlds. He already knew that Thor was going to be amongst his soldiers.

Reflections on Counseling Sessions Essay -- Person-Centered Counseling

IntroductionThe hash forth session began with the introductions where I introduced myself as the counselor and later introduced my thickening. This stage is important in any counseling session since it is the time of exploration and focusing according to Gerard Egan as quoted by Wright (1998) in his essay on co employmentlling skills. It is in this session that I was able to raise rapport and trust with my client in order to come up with a working and fruitful relationship with him. During this stage I made use of skills like questioning, where I would pose a question directly to my client, sometimes I would choose to just listen to what the client wanted to speak out while in some instances I would be forced to paraphrase the question if I felt the client did not understand the question I had asked previously. There were also other times when I would reflect through silence. During such a period, I got time to study the client and the info he had given. This being a difficult area, since some clients may not be able to volunteer information to you as the counselor, I decided to assure the client of confidentiality of any information he was willing to share with me with a few exceptions which I also told him about. Being open to him about the only times the information may not be confidential was fragmentise of my building rapport and establishing trust with him. I therefore, decided to ask the client what information he wanted to share with me and lucky enough he was ready to speak to me about different issues that he was going through. During this time, I gave the client enough time to chat about the problem without interrupting. This time gave me an opportunity to undertake reflective listening through active listening which ac... ...ons Make Better ConversationsRetrieved From http//learnthis.ca/2008/12/open-ended-questions-make-better-conversations/Rogers C., (1975). Empathic an thankless way of being. The CounselingPsychologist. 5(2)210.Rogers, (1975). client-centered therapy RetrievedFromhttp//www.analytictech.com/mb119/reflecti.htm, Schenk K., Williamson J. (2005). Ethical Approaches to Gathering Information from Children andAdolescents in International Settings. Retrieved Fromhttp//www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/childrenethics.pdfSteven, (2010). Getting to Know You - A Familiar Pattern of Sessions. Retrieved Fromhttp//www.basic-counseling-skills.com/pattern-of-sessions.htmlWright, (1998). Counseling skills part I - can you do without them? Retrieved Fromhttp//search.proquest.com/docview/214108384/1315FF976504A312F4B/1?accountid=5049